Coloretal Cancer Prevention and Screening before the Economic and Social Impact of Costs for Cancer Treatment In Brazil

Abstract

According to the INCA National Cancer Institute, cancer is a term that encompasses more than 100 different types of malignancies that have in common the disordered growth of cells, which can invade adjacent tissues or distant organs. The evolution of cancer is directly correlated with preventive actions, which aim to prevent it from developing, encompassing actions to reduce the risks of having the disease. Cancer prevention encompasses actions taken to reduce the risks of having the disease. By avoiding exposure to risk factors and adopting a healthier lifestyle, early detection and treatment of pre-malignant diseases (e.g. polyps in the intestinal walls) or early asymptomatic cancers that often enables successful treatment, even leading to cure. The present work makes a reflective study on the challenges of implementing public policies for the prevention of colorectal cancer and its economic and social impact. We take as a theoretical basis the considerations of CANCELA (2019), LIMA (2015) and SCANDIUZZI et all (2019) in addition to the data provided by INCA and the Ministry of Health. The bibliographic analysis reveals that public policies for the prevention of colorectal cancer are still very scarce in view of the magnitude in which the disease has been growing. Screening and early detection is an action aimed at the population in the subclinical phase with the objective of reducing the incidence of invasive cancer and the mortality rate, still so little explored by public managers.It is concluded that access to treatment for colon and rectal cancer is unequal in Brazil, and depends on the resources available in each region of the country and that socioeconomic and clinical factors are associated with the waiting time for the start of treatment, thus reflecting, barriers to timely access to treatment. There is an urgent need to create screening protocols and conditions for the implementation of public policies that value the work of colorectal cancer prevention. There are also strategies that require greater encouragement even from the Ministry of Health itself, such as health education actions to raise awareness of the population, training of health professionals and articulation of the system with the service network, seeking to carry out diagnostic tests. and facilitating access to treatment.