Innovations that robotic surgery has brought in cholecystectomy surgery: An integrative review

Abstract

The objective of this writing is to clarify the changes that robotic cholecystectomy brought to the patient and its repercussions when compared to conventional laparoscopy. The present study is an integrative literature review that seeks to describe the innovations that this surgery brought to cholecystectomy, performing a search in the Virtual Health Library and PubMED based on the guiding question: "Are there benefits of robotic surgery over the laparoscopic technique in patients undergoing cholecystectomy?", with the descriptors "Robotic Surgical Procedure", Cholecystectomy and Outcomes Study totaling 76 articles at the end, being used 20 for the preparation of the text. It was noticed that robotic surgery has conquered a lot of space in general surgery, aiming to overcome the limits that conventional laparoscopy presents, seeming to provide more satisfactory results. However, because it is a relatively new technique, the little experience on the part of surgeons, together with the high cost, does not seem to be attractive for large centers. Despite this, good aesthetic, technical, and ergonomic results have been found. We conclude that despite a good number of articles on the subject, there is an important lack of concordance among them, which generates the need for new studies approaching the theme in order to help in the elaboration of concrete evidence.