Clinical-Epidemiological Profile of Notified Cases of Acquired Syphilis in Piauí in the Years 2015 to 2020

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum There are two possible theories for the existence of syphilis, the first one referring to the possible existence of syphilis in the New World and its subsequent spread by Europeans who were involved in the discovery of the americas, while the second theory refers to a possible mutation of the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The prevention of syphilis, in general, occurs in the same way as most STIs, that is, with the use of condoms. Its diagnosis is made through laboratory tests that can make a direct or indirect search for the infecting bacteria, while the treatment is done through penicillin G, in recommended doses, with some exceptions. OBJECTIVE: To describe syphilis and outline a clinical-epidemiological profile of the cases reported in the state of Piauí between the years 2015 and 2020. To know the determinants and conditions of the health-disease process, point out the forms of transmission of syphilis, describe the clinical consequences in the affected population and report the forms of prevention and treatment of syphilis. METHODOLOGY: This is an exploratory study of the literature review type, where in addition, a retrospective research was developed, with a descriptive and quantitative approach, in which the Information System of Diseases and Notification (SINAN) platform was used to collect data reported cases of Acquired Syphilis in Piauí during the years 2015 to 2020. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results of this study showed that acquired syphilis, although a preventable and easy-to-treat disease, is still quite present in the state of Piauí, where 3202 cases were reported among 2015 and 2020 being mostly male with 1822 notifications corresponding to 56.9% of cases, people aged between 20 and 39 years old corresponding to 55.9% of cases being 1791, as for education the largest number is 517 and corresponds to people with complete high school, equivalent to 17.93%, the brown race corresponded to 2283 or 71.3% of those notified, most cases were confirmed by or laboratory tests, being 1856 or 57.96%, in addition, the municipality that most notified between this time interval was Picos, which corresponded to 356 cases or 11.19%, followed by Piripiri with 246 cases or 7.68% and Parnaíba with 3.9% or 124 cases. The number of cases of Acquired Syphilis in Piauí as well as in Brazil are worrying, there was a significant increase in the number of cases reported in 2018 and 2019 compared to other years, followed by a drop in 2020 that may be strictly related to the pandemic. of COVID-19, where there was a surprising decrease in the number of reported cases CONCLUSION: In view of significant numbers, it is extremely important to adopt preventive measures to reduce the number of cases of syphilis acquired in Piauí, in addition to training professionals to better notify the disease and manage patients affected by it.