Constructed Wetlands: Technology for Removing Drug Concentration from Water

Abstract

This work aims to present a sustainable and promising technology for the environment, in view of the quality of water and rivers contaminated with drugs and lack of sewage treatment. We highlight the Constructed Wetlands technique built so that, in an ecologically correct and low cost, contamination in waters is reduced. The research carried out consists of an integrative review with a basic purpose and a quali-quantitative approach and the Science Direct database was use. The selection of works include review and research articles published between 2010 and 2021. Works that did not deal with phytoremediation through constructed swamps and research with synthetic effluents were excluded, with only those dealing with surface water and effluents from sewage treatment and water treatment plants. Thus, this review was carried out on a basis of 25 articles. For the application of WC, basins, ponds or shallow lakes are built and substrate and vegetation are applied to them. Projects can and should be done individually, depending on the characteristics of the water and the parameters needed to be achieved. In addition, issues such as available area and topography of the environment should be observed. For this study, observing the analysis of a several parameters and configurations, it was demonstrated that WCs is greater efficiency than conventional water treatments. Thus, a system that combines conventional treatments with WC will have greater efficiency in water treatment, being a promising alternative in relation to improvement at low cost, benefiting Public Health.