Impacts of Dams on the Environment: A Review

Abstract

Dams are very important for generating electricity and providing drinking water. However, they have major negative impacts on water quality, aquatic ecology, land, terrestrial wildlife, vegetation, and air quality. Mitigation measures should be put in place to reduce these negative impacts on the environment. For example, to reduce the impact on water quality, sediment control drainage should be constructed. To control chemical pollution, containers should be provided for chemical waste. With respect to climate and GHG emissions, it is critical to clear vegetation prior to reservoir filling. Overall, dams negatively affect the physical and biological environment due to the various activities, during construction, filling the reservoir and during the operation of the reservoir and dams.