Therapeutic Importance of Hyoscyamus Species -A Review

Abstract

Among the 84 genera and over 3000 species that make up the family Solanaceae, Hyoscyamus stands out as one of the most significant and biggest. Hyoscyamine and scopolamine, two of the several tropane alkaloids, may be found in abundance in all Hyoscyamus species. Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, and anthraquinones were all found in the phytochemical investigation of Hyoscyamus species. They had many different pharmacological effects, such as anti-diabetic, antioxidant, anticancer, insecticidal, antiasthmatic, antiallergic, antidiarrheal, antisecretory, Ca2+ channel-blocking, hypotensive, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, antihyperuricemic, anti-Parkinsonian, anticonvulsant, antidepressant, and antihyperuricemic. The chemical composition, pharmacological activities, and toxicological dangers of Hyoscyamus species growing in Iraq were reviewed in this paper.