Contribution to the evaluation of the physicochemical quality of raw goat milk in the steppe region of Djelfa (Algeria): What risks on public health?

Abstract

This research was conducted to study the key physicochemical parameters of raw goat milk samples taken from semi-intensive and extensive Sanine and Arbia breedings in the region of Djelfa as an Algerian steppe zone. Sixty three raw udder milk samples were taken from goat farms and analyzed. The results showed that goat milk had 3.23 ± 0.79% fat (FT), 7.12 ± 3.32% non-fat dry matter (NFDM), 2.76 ± 1.27% protein (PR), 4.05 ± 1.84% lactose (LC) and a density (DS) of 1.0204 ± 0.0118 with a freezing point (FP) -0.252 ± 0.106 ° C and a pH of 6.63 ± 0.13. Descriptive analysis of the milk temperature (TS) data revealed that its mean is 9.87 ± 1.47 ° C. In addition, these temperatures have weak correlations with the seven physicochemical parameters of raw goat milk. Six correlations are negative [pH-TS (r = -0.3431, R2 = 0.1177); FT-TS (r = -0.4708, R2 = 0.2216); NFDM-TS (r = -0.3212, R2 = 0.1032); PR-TS (r = -0.3755, R2 = 0.1410); LC-TS (r = -0.3748, R2 = 0.1405); DS-TS (r = -0.3528, R2 = 0.1245)] and a correlation is positive [FP-TS (r = 0.4167; R2 = 0.1736)]. In parallel, these temperatures in the majority of cases are greatly exceeded the values recommended by Algerian standards (+ 6 ° C). These results reflect risks to the health of consumers. They require a control and popularization program for all stakeholders in the sector in order to improve the quality and quantity of the raw milk produced and minimize significant economic losses thereafter.